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The H1B visa is a non-immigrant work visa that is in high demand among F1 students and others around the world. There is a lottery system to get access to apply for this visa and you must have an employer willing to sponsor you.
The EB-3 visa leads to a U.S. Green Card. There are several sub-categories under EB-3 including professional, skilled, and unskilled. You need an employer to sponsor you, but there is no lottery system, and many are eligible Unskilled Category.
The EB-1 and EB-2 visa are for highly skilled applicants. This visa has many qualifications and requirements in order to apply. This is often the path to a Green Card after you work for your H1B employer for several years.
The O1 visa is a non-immigrant visa for those with extra-ordinary ability or talent. You must have proven success in your field to get this visa. In order to get a Green Card, you would need to adjust your status to another visa, such as the EB-1 or EB-2 visa.
The E-2 visa is a non-immigrant visa based on an investment in a U.S. business. There are many requirements to the investment to be eligible. There is also an "Essential Worker" category under E-2 that requires, among other things, working for the investor's business in the U.S. E-2 does not lead directly to a Green Card. You would need to adjust your status to another visa type to obtain a Green Card.
OPT to H1B is the most common path for international students in the U.S. to stay in the U.S. after graduating. This does not lead to permanent residency but allows up to six years of working legally in the United States. Most H1B holders who want a Green Card then seek sponsorship for an EB-1 or EB-2 visa.
